<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Cr12模具钢——模具行业从业者必备知识手册]]></title><description><![CDATA[<p dir="auto">参考图片：Cr12模具钢相关示意图。下面详细介绍相关内容。</p>
<p dir="auto">![Cr12模具钢相关示意图](<a href="https://mj7.cn/uploads/default/original/1X/img_lib/%E6%A8%A1%E5%85%B7%E9%92%A2%E6%9D%90/%E6%A8%A1%E5%85%B7%E9%92%A2%E6%9D%90" rel="nofollow ugc">https://mj7.cn/uploads/default/original/1X/img_lib/模具钢材/模具钢材</a> 材料 性能_2.png)\n\n# Cr12模具钢</p>
<h2>概述</h2>
<p dir="auto">Cr12是<strong>高碳高铬冷作模具钢</strong>，属于莱氏体钢，是国内最常用的冷作模具钢之一，具有高硬度、高耐磨性、淬火变形小的特点，广泛用于制造冷冲模、冷挤压模、滚丝模等。</p>
<h2>国家标准</h2>
<ul>
<li>中国GB标准：<strong>Cr12</strong></li>
<li>美国AISI：<strong>D3</strong></li>
<li>日本JIS：<strong>SKD1</strong></li>
<li>德国DIN：<strong>X210Cr12</strong></li>
</ul>
<h2>化学成分</h2>
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>元素</th>
<th>含量（%）</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>C</td>
<td>2.00 ~ 2.30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Si</td>
<td>≤ 0.40</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mn</td>
<td>≤ 0.40</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Cr</td>
<td>11.5 ~ 13.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>P</td>
<td>≤ 0.030</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>S</td>
<td>≤ 0.030</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mo</td>
<td>≤ 0.50</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>V</td>
<td>≤ 0.30</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>物理性能</h2>
<h3>密度</h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>密度</strong>：7.70 g/cm³（约 7700 kg/m³）</li>
</ul>
<h3>硬度</h3>
<ul>
<li>退火状态：≤ 269 HB</li>
<li>淬火回火后：58 ~ 64 HRC（常用范围）</li>
</ul>
<h2>热处理工艺</h2>
<h3>1. 退火</h3>
<ul>
<li>温度：850 ~ 880℃</li>
<li>冷却：随炉缓慢冷却</li>
<li>硬度：≤ 269 HB</li>
<li>目的：降低硬度，便于切削加工</li>
</ul>
<h3>2. 淬火</h3>
<ul>
<li>预热：温度 800 ~ 850℃，保温后升温</li>
<li>淬火温度：950 ~ 980℃</li>
<li>冷却：油淬（油温 20 ~ 60℃）</li>
<li>空冷淬透性：直径 ≤ 40mm 可淬透</li>
</ul>
<h3>3. 回火</h3>
<p dir="auto">根据要求硬度选择回火温度：</p>
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>要求硬度 (HRC)</th>
<th>回火温度 (℃)</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>58 ~ 60</td>
<td>180 ~ 200</td>
<td>常用，耐磨性好</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>56 ~ 58</td>
<td>200 ~ 220</td>
<td>韧性更好</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>54 ~ 56</td>
<td>260 ~ 280</td>
<td>二次硬化，变形更小</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p dir="auto"><em>回火时间一般按 1 ~ 2h / 100mm 厚度保温</em></p>
<h2>性能特点</h2>
<p dir="auto"><img src="https://forum.mj7.cn/assets/plugins/nodebb-plugin-emoji/emoji/android/2705.png?v=ri5u9ft48ro" class="not-responsive emoji emoji-android emoji--white_check_mark" title=":white_check_mark:" alt="✅" /> <strong>优点</strong>：</p>
<ul>
<li>淬透性好，截面较大也能淬透</li>
<li>淬火变形小，适合高精度模具</li>
<li>耐磨性好，高碳高铬，耐磨寿命长</li>
<li>价格比高合金模具钢低，性价比高</li>
</ul>
<p dir="auto"><img src="https://forum.mj7.cn/assets/plugins/nodebb-plugin-emoji/emoji/android/274c.png?v=ri5u9ft48ro" class="not-responsive emoji emoji-android emoji--x" title=":x:" alt="❌" /> <strong>缺点</strong>：</p>
<ul>
<li>韧性较差，承受冲击载荷容易开裂</li>
<li>碳化物偏析比较严重，大截面毛坯需要改锻</li>
<li>导热性较差，预热需要缓慢升温</li>
</ul>
<h2>应用领域</h2>
<p dir="auto">Cr12适合制造：</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>冷冲裁模具</strong>：薄板落料模、冲孔模</li>
<li><strong>冷挤压模具</strong>：冷挤压成型模</li>
<li><strong>滚丝模</strong>、<strong>搓丝板</strong></li>
<li><strong>拉丝模</strong></li>
<li><strong>下料刀</strong>、<strong>剪刀</strong></li>
<li><strong>形状复杂的型腔</strong></li>
<li><strong>陶瓷成型模</strong></li>
</ul>
<h2>对比Cr12MoV</h2>
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>性能</th>
<th>Cr12</th>
<th>Cr12MoV</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>碳含量</td>
<td>更高</td>
<td>稍低</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>钼钒含量</td>
<td>低</td>
<td>更高</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>韧性</td>
<td>较差</td>
<td>更好</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>耐磨性</td>
<td>好</td>
<td>更好</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>淬火变形</td>
<td>小</td>
<td>更小</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>可加工性</td>
<td>一般</td>
<td>更好</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>价格</td>
<td>较低</td>
<td>稍高</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p dir="auto"><strong>选型建议</strong>：</p>
<ul>
<li>如果是普通薄板冲裁，尺寸不大 → <strong>Cr12</strong> 性价比更高</li>
<li>如果是复杂型腔、要求高韧性 → 选 <strong>Cr12MoV</strong></li>
</ul>
<h2>使用注意事项</h2>
<ol>
<li>
<p dir="auto"><strong>锻造</strong>：</p>
<ul>
<li>原材料碳化物偏析较严重，大截面必须改锻</li>
<li>锻后要及时退火，消除内应力</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p dir="auto"><strong>热处理</strong>：</p>
<ul>
<li>高碳钢，导热差，建议分段预热</li>
<li>淬火温度不要超过1000℃，否则晶粒粗大，韧性下降</li>
<li>回火要充分，减少残余应力</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p dir="auto"><strong>磨削</strong>：</p>
<ul>
<li>高硬度，磨削时注意进给量，避免磨削开裂</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<hr />
<p dir="auto"><em>本文整理自模极社百科，分类：【模具材料】</em></p>
<hr />
<p dir="auto"><strong><img src="https://forum.mj7.cn/assets/plugins/nodebb-plugin-emoji/emoji/android/1f527.png?v=ri5u9ft48ro" class="not-responsive emoji emoji-android emoji--wrench" title=":wrench:" alt="🔧" /> 相关工具推荐：使用在线模具计算器快速估算参数</strong></p>
<p dir="auto">[mj-steel-query]</p>
<hr />
<p dir="auto"><em><img src="https://forum.mj7.cn/assets/plugins/nodebb-plugin-emoji/emoji/android/1f4a1.png?v=ri5u9ft48ro" class="not-responsive emoji emoji-android emoji--bulb" title=":bulb:" alt="💡" /> 提示：以上计算工具为纯前端实现，数据仅在本地运算，不会上传至服务器。</em></p>
<hr />
<h3><img src="https://forum.mj7.cn/assets/plugins/nodebb-plugin-emoji/emoji/android/1f4cb.png?v=ri5u9ft48ro" class="not-responsive emoji emoji-android emoji--clipboard" title=":clipboard:" alt="📋" /> 相关标准参考</h3>
<ul>
<li>GB/T 12555 塑料注射模模架</li>
<li>JB/T 6057 塑料模成型零件技术条件</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h3><img src="https://forum.mj7.cn/assets/plugins/nodebb-plugin-emoji/emoji/android/1f517.png?v=ri5u9ft48ro" class="not-responsive emoji emoji-android emoji--link" title=":link:" alt="🔗" /> 你可能还感兴趣</h3>
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<hr />
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<p dir="auto"><img src="https://forum.mj7.cn/assets/plugins/nodebb-plugin-emoji/emoji/android/1f449.png?v=ri5u9ft48ro" class="not-responsive emoji emoji-android emoji--point_right" title=":point_right:" alt="👉" /> <strong>延伸阅读</strong>：<a href="https://mj7.cn/t/o/4955" rel="nofollow ugc">模具冷却水接头与O型密封圈选型标准</a></p>
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<p dir="auto"><a href="https://mj7.cn/t/creo-proe-emx-3d/5151" rel="nofollow ugc">https://mj7.cn/t/creo-proe-emx-3d/5151</a></p>
<hr />
<p dir="auto">有没有同行遇到过同样的问题？分享一下经验。</p>
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